fix(calibrate): robust window capture with PrintWindow fallback + picker

- Enumerate all matching windows, let user pick the largest one if multiple.
- Try PrintWindow first (works with GPU-accelerated apps like TradeStation
  that render blank under plain mss capture).
- Detect blank/uniform captures and fall back to mss automatically.
- Save captured frame to logs/calibrate_capture_<ts>.png for debugging.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/atm/calibrate.py

@@ -66,31 +66,37 @@ def write_config(data: dict, out_dir: Path) -> Path:
 # Window capture (Windows live) / screenshot fallback
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-def _capture_window(title_substr: str):
+def _find_candidate_windows(title_substr: str):
-    """Screenshot the first window whose title CONTAINS *title_substr* (case-insensitive).
+    """Return list of (title, width, height, window_obj) matching substring, sorted by area desc."""
-
-    Windows-only (mss+pygetwindow). Returns a PIL RGB Image.
-    """
-    import mss  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
     import pygetwindow as gw  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
-    from PIL import Image
 
     needle = title_substr.lower()
-    all_titles = [t for t in gw.getAllTitles() if t]
+    out = []
-    matching = [t for t in all_titles if needle in t.lower()]
+    seen = set()
-    if not matching:
+    for t in gw.getAllTitles():
-        preview = "\n  ".join(sorted(set(all_titles))[:40])
+        if not t or needle not in t.lower():
-        raise RuntimeError(
+            continue
-            f"No window title contains {title_substr!r} (case-insensitive).\n"
+        if t in seen:
-            f"Visible windows (first 40):\n  {preview}"
+            continue
-        )
+        seen.add(t)
-    win = gw.getWindowsWithTitle(matching[0])[0]
+        wins = gw.getWindowsWithTitle(t)
-    try:
+        if not wins:
-        win.activate()
+            continue
-    except Exception:
+        w = wins[0]
-        pass  # activate may fail on some windows; continue — mss still captures by region
+        try:
-    time.sleep(0.3)
+            width = int(w.width); height = int(w.height)
+        except Exception:
+            continue
+        if width < 10 or height < 10:
+            continue
+        out.append((t, width, height, w))
+    out.sort(key=lambda r: r[1] * r[2], reverse=True)
+    return out
 
+
+def _capture_via_mss(win):
+    import mss  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
+    from PIL import Image
     with mss.mss() as sct:
         mon = {
             "top": int(win.top), "left": int(win.left),
@@ -100,6 +106,157 @@ def _capture_window(title_substr: str):
     return Image.frombytes("RGB", shot.size, shot.rgb)
 
 
+def _capture_via_printwindow(win):
+    """Use Win32 PrintWindow with PW_RENDERFULLCONTENT. Reliable for GPU-accelerated apps."""
+    import win32gui  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
+    import win32ui  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
+    from ctypes import windll
+    from PIL import Image
+
+    hwnd = win._hWnd  # pygetwindow exposes this
+    rect = win32gui.GetWindowRect(hwnd)
+    w = rect[2] - rect[0]
+    h = rect[3] - rect[1]
+    if w <= 0 or h <= 0:
+        raise RuntimeError("window has zero size")
+
+    hwnd_dc = win32gui.GetWindowDC(hwnd)
+    mfc_dc = win32ui.CreateDCFromHandle(hwnd_dc)
+    save_dc = mfc_dc.CreateCompatibleDC()
+    save_bitmap = win32ui.CreateBitmap()
+    save_bitmap.CreateCompatibleBitmap(mfc_dc, w, h)
+    save_dc.SelectObject(save_bitmap)
+
+    PW_RENDERFULLCONTENT = 2
+    result = windll.user32.PrintWindow(hwnd, save_dc.GetSafeHdc(), PW_RENDERFULLCONTENT)
+    bmp_info = save_bitmap.GetInfo()
+    bmp_bits = save_bitmap.GetBitmapBits(True)
+    img = Image.frombuffer(
+        "RGB", (bmp_info["bmWidth"], bmp_info["bmHeight"]),
+        bmp_bits, "raw", "BGRX", 0, 1,
+    )
+
+    win32gui.DeleteObject(save_bitmap.GetHandle())
+    save_dc.DeleteDC()
+    mfc_dc.DeleteDC()
+    win32gui.ReleaseDC(hwnd, hwnd_dc)
+
+    if result != 1:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"PrintWindow returned {result}")
+    return img
+
+
+def _image_looks_blank(pil_img, dark_thresh: int = 10) -> bool:
+    """Heuristic: image is effectively blank if near-black or near-uniform."""
+    import numpy as np
+    arr = np.array(pil_img.resize((64, 36))).astype(np.int16)
+    if arr.mean() < dark_thresh:
+        return True
+    return arr.std() < 3.0
+
+
+def _capture_window(title_substr: str):
+    """Capture a window by title substring. Tries PrintWindow first (reliable for GPU
+    apps), falls back to mss. If multiple windows match, picks the largest by area.
+
+    Returns a PIL RGB Image.
+    """
+    import pygetwindow as gw  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
+
+    candidates = _find_candidate_windows(title_substr)
+    if not candidates:
+        all_titles = sorted({t for t in gw.getAllTitles() if t})
+        preview = "\n  ".join(all_titles[:40])
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"No window title contains {title_substr!r} (case-insensitive).\n"
+            f"Visible windows (first 40):\n  {preview}"
+        )
+
+    # If multiple candidates, ask user to pick (Tk listbox)
+    if len(candidates) > 1:
+        picked = _pick_window_dialog(candidates)
+    else:
+        picked = candidates[0]
+    title, w_, h_, win = picked
+
+    try:
+        win.activate()
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+    time.sleep(0.3)
+
+    errors = []
+    img = None
+    for fn, name in ((_capture_via_printwindow, "PrintWindow"),
+                     (_capture_via_mss, "mss")):
+        try:
+            candidate_img = fn(win)
+            if _image_looks_blank(candidate_img):
+                errors.append(f"{name}: returned blank/uniform image")
+                continue
+            img = candidate_img
+            break
+        except Exception as e:
+            errors.append(f"{name}: {e}")
+
+    if img is None:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"Capture of window {title!r} ({w_}x{h_}) failed:\n  " + "\n  ".join(errors)
+        )
+
+    # Save debug copy so user can verify
+    try:
+        debug_path = Path("logs") / f"calibrate_capture_{datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')}.png"
+        debug_path.parent.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+        img.save(debug_path)
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+    return img
+
+
+def _pick_window_dialog(candidates):
+    """Show a Tk listbox for the user to pick a window."""
+    import tkinter as tk
+
+    root = tk.Tk()
+    root.title("Pick window")
+    root.geometry("600x400+100+100")
+
+    tk.Label(root, text="Multiple windows match. Pick the main TradeStation chart:",
+             font=("Arial", 11), pady=6).pack(fill="x")
+
+    frame = tk.Frame(root)
+    frame.pack(fill="both", expand=True, padx=8, pady=4)
+    scroll = tk.Scrollbar(frame)
+    scroll.pack(side="right", fill="y")
+
+    lb = tk.Listbox(frame, font=("Consolas", 10), yscrollcommand=scroll.set)
+    lb.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
+    scroll.config(command=lb.yview)
+
+    for title, w, h, _win in candidates:
+        lb.insert(tk.END, f"[{w}x{h}]  {title}")
+    lb.selection_set(0)
+
+    choice = {"idx": None}
+
+    def _ok():
+        sel = lb.curselection()
+        if sel:
+            choice["idx"] = sel[0]
+        root.destroy()
+
+    tk.Button(root, text="OK", command=_ok, bg="#2ecc71", fg="white",
+              font=("Arial", 11), pady=4).pack(pady=6)
+    lb.bind("<Double-Button-1>", lambda e: _ok())
+
+    root.mainloop()
+    if choice["idx"] is None:
+        raise ValueError("Window selection cancelled")
+    return candidates[choice["idx"]]
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Wizard
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------