romfast/atm-curs-dl
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Actions Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity
Files
7a14cdea218cd19f901b668e37462ab0d2c53aa5
atm-curs-dl/summaries/03_MODUL_2/08_volumul_sangele_pietei.html
Claude Agent 5dc4d821ba Grafice reale in Modulul 2 (63 de diagrame, 13 lectii) 
Conversie facuta de un agent. Toate exemplele de pret din modul sunt acum
serii de 17-33 de bare cu titlu, etichete ancorate si, unde textul le cere,
panou de volum sau medie mobila:

zone de suport/rezistenta cu pivoti calculati, VWAP calculat din volum,
trailing pe MA cu iesirea exacta, money management cu dimensionarea
pozitiei in actiuni si contracte, ATR calculat din True Range (5.52),
relative strength cu cadrane calculate fata de MA-5, linii de trend care
se rup pe close nu pe fitil, RSI(10) Wilder, volum cu histograma derivata,
Power cu cadrane, cele doua medii cu valori exacte la bara de semnal,
scanere cu doji la 0.39% de suport, si scalping cu inverted H&S.

Nimic din folder nu e generat din gen/. Neatinse: schemele conceptuale,
cadranele, barele de order flow si indicatorii fara pret.

Semnalat de agent, de rezolvat separat: in 10_buysell_momentum_trigger.md,
diagrama multi-timeframe (196.97 / 191.80) are textul in contradictie cu
desenul; agentul n-a redesenat-o ca sa nu ghiceasca.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01MtSTyTmt6AbCL9j5ajEDm1
2026-09-13 08:43:00 +00:00

619 lines
46 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ro">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Modul 2 / #8 — Volumul: sângele pieței</title>
<style>
body { max-width: 720px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 16px 20px 60px;
font: 18px/1.55 -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, sans-serif;
color: #1a1a1a; }
h1 { font-size: 1.4em; }
h2 { font-size: 1.15em; margin-top: 1.6em; border-top: 1px solid #ddd; padding-top: .8em; }
code { font-size: .95em; background: #f0f0f0; padding: .1em .3em; border-radius: 3px; }
a { color: #1a5fb4; }
hr { border: none; border-top: 1px solid #ddd; margin: 2em 0; }
em { color: #555; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1 id="modul-2-8-volumul-sangele-pietei">Modul 2 / #8 — Volumul: sângele pieței</h1>
<h2 id="tldr">TLDR</h2>
<p>Volumul = numărul de contracte/acțiuni tranzacționate într-o perioadă (la
Futures se numește <strong>Open Interest</strong>, dar e același lucru). Histograma
clasică de volum (bare roșii/verzi pe fiecare candelă) spune puțin — doar că
o bară e mai mare/mică decât media. Ce contează cu adevărat e <strong>trendul
volumului</strong>: dacă acumularea/distribuția de volum confirmă mișcarea de preț
sau intră în <strong>divergență</strong> cu ea (mecanismul de bază al divergenței
preț/volum e deja explicat, cu diagrame, în
<a href="../01_MODUL_1/06_divergente.md"><code>01_MODUL_1/06_divergente.md</code></a> — nu îl
reiau aici). Ce adaugă lecția asta: un indicator de <strong>trend de volum</strong>
(On Balance Volume și o variantă modificată, "Volum H") cu o histogramă care
măsoară <strong>procentul de schimbare</strong> al volumului de la o candelă la alta —
asta arată acumulare/distribuție chiar și când prețul încă nu a făcut un
swing low/high clar de comparat. Volumul nu există pe Forex spot — pe valute
se folosește un proxy prin piața de futures.</p>
<h2 id="ce-e-volumul-exact">Ce e volumul, exact</h2>
<p>Volumul = câte acțiuni/contracte au fost efectiv tranzacționate pe acea
candelă. Exemplu din curs: Apple, preț ~193$, volum pe o candelă
71.951.000 acțiuni → 193 × 71.951.000 ≈ 13,9 miliarde $ tranzacționați în
acea fereastră de timp — o lichiditate uriașă. La Futures (ex. E-mini S&amp;P,
ES), aceeași mărime se numește <strong>Open Interest</strong> (numărul de contracte
deschise) — apare și în rapoartele Commitment of Traders sub sigla "OI".</p>
<h2 id="de-ce-histograma-clasica-de-volum-nu-ajuta-prea-mult">De ce histograma clasică de volum nu ajută prea mult</h2>
<p>Histograma standard (bare colorate după direcția candelei, plus o linie de
medie) îți dă o singură informație: bara asta e mai mare/mică decât media.
Exemplu din curs: pe un doji, media volumului era 65% (din scala
indicatorului), iar volumul efectiv a fost 121% — dublu față de medie. Atât.
Nu spune dacă acumularea de volum crește sau scade în timp, care e chiar
întrebarea utilă pentru un trade.</p>
<p><svg viewBox="0 0 300 140" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:100%;max-width:320px;height:auto;font:12px sans-serif">
<line x1="10" y1="120" x2="280" y2="120" stroke="#888" stroke-width="1"/>
<rect x="40" y="66.3" width="30" height="53.7" fill="#888"/>
<text x="20" y="135" fill="#666">bară normală</text>
<rect x="110" y="20" width="30" height="100" fill="#c00"/>
<text x="90" y="14" fill="#c00">121% — bara cu doji</text>
<line x1="10" y1="66.3" x2="280" y2="66.3" stroke="#333" stroke-dasharray="4 3"/>
<text x="185" y="61.3" fill="#333">65% — average</text>
</svg></p>
<p>Vezi doar "azi e mult volum"; nu vezi dacă volumul, per total, se
acumulează sau se distribuie de mai multe candele încoace — de-aia lecția
trece la un indicator de <strong>trend</strong>.</p>
<h2 id="on-balance-volume-obv-volumul-ca-linie-de-trend">On Balance Volume (OBV) — volumul ca linie de trend</h2>
<p><strong>OBV</strong> (inventat de Joseph Granville) transformă volumul brut într-o linie
cumulativă: adaugă volumul zilei dacă închiderea e mai sus decât precedenta,
îl scade dacă e mai jos. Rezultatul e o linie care, la fel ca prețul, poate
face higher-highs/higher-lows (uptrend de volum) sau lower-highs/lower-lows
(downtrend de volum) — și care poate diverge de linia de preț.</p>
<p><svg viewBox="0 0 340 162" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:100%;max-width:360px;height:auto;font:12px sans-serif">
<text x="8" y="15" fill="#666">OBV ↑</text>
<polyline points="20,120 70,95 120,105 170,70 220,80 270,45" fill="none" stroke="#188a3e" stroke-width="2"/>
<circle cx="70" cy="95" r="4" fill="#188a3e"/>
<circle cx="170" cy="70" r="4" fill="#188a3e"/>
<circle cx="270" cy="45" r="4" fill="#188a3e"/>
<text x="45" y="112" fill="#188a3e">higher low</text>
<text x="145" y="62" fill="#188a3e">higher low</text>
<text x="245" y="35" fill="#188a3e">higher high</text>
<text x="20" y="138" fill="#333">trend de volum ascendent — la fel ca la preț,</text>
<text x="20" y="153" fill="#333">se citesc higher/lower</text>
</svg></p>
<h2 id="varianta-din-curs-volum-h-obv-modificat-medie-mobila-histograma">Varianta din curs — "Volum H" (OBV modificat + medie mobilă + histogramă)</h2>
<p>Indicatorul folosit efectiv în mentorat (parte din curriculumul avansat) e o
variantă modificată de OBV, cu trei componente pe același panou:
- <strong>Linia verde</strong> — trendul volumului (echivalent OBV).
- <strong>Linia magenta</strong> — media mobilă (MA) a liniei verzi.
- <strong>Histograma</strong> — nu volumul brut, ci <strong>procentul de schimbare</strong> al
volumului față de candela anterioară (bare deasupra liniei de 0 =
volumul crește candelă-cu-candelă = <strong>acumulare</strong>; bare sub 0 = volumul
scade = <strong>distribuție</strong>).</p>
<p><strong>Regula de citire:</strong> linia verde peste MA și ascendentă = acumulare
confirmată (susține un uptrend); linia verde sub MA și descendentă =
distribuție confirmată (susține un downtrend). Momentul în care linia verde
traversează MA coincide, de regulă, cu momentul în care histograma
traversează linia de 0.</p>
<p><svg viewBox="0 0 400 170" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:100%;max-width:420px;height:auto;font:12px sans-serif">
<line x1="10" y1="60" x2="390" y2="60" stroke="#999" stroke-width="1"/>
<text x="8" y="45" fill="#666">linie volum (verde) + MA (magenta)</text>
<polyline points="20,80 80,65 140,50 200,35 260,20" fill="none" stroke="#188a3e" stroke-width="2"/>
<polyline points="20,55 80,53 140,52 200,50 260,48" fill="none" stroke="#c26ba0" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="3 2"/>
<circle cx="140" cy="51" r="4" fill="#333"/>
<text x="95" y="72" fill="#333">crossing verde peste MA = acumulare</text>
<line x1="10" y1="140" x2="390" y2="140" stroke="#888" stroke-width="1"/>
<text x="8" y="130" fill="#666">0</text>
<rect x="35" y="140" width="20" height="18" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="80" y="140" width="20" height="10" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="140" y="122" width="20" height="18" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="200" y="112" width="20" height="28" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<text x="245" y="125" fill="#1a5fb4">histograma trece peste 0</text>
</svg></p>
<p><strong>Subtilitatea importantă</strong> (asta e insight-ul repetat de mentor pe zeci de
exemple): dacă barele histogramei sub 0 se <strong>scurtează</strong> de la o candelă la
alta (ex. -44.929 apoi -7.526), înseamnă că distribuția slăbește — volumul
se acumulează încet, chiar dacă prețul încă face un minim nou și histograma
e tehnic tot sub 0. Nu ai nevoie ca bara să treacă peste 0 ca să vezi
acumulare — ai nevoie doar ca ea să se scurteze constant.</p>
<p><svg viewBox="0 0 260 178" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:260px;height:auto;font:11px sans-serif">
<line x1="10" y1="30" x2="250" y2="30" stroke="#888" stroke-width="1"/>
<text x="215" y="25" fill="#666">0</text>
<rect x="30" y="30" width="25" height="85" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<text x="10" y="128" fill="#d08a1e">-44.929</text>
<rect x="90" y="30" width="25" height="47.3" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<text x="70" y="90.3" fill="#d08a1e">-25.000</text>
<rect x="150" y="30" width="25" height="14.2" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<text x="130" y="57.2" fill="#d08a1e">-7.526</text>
<text x="10" y="145" fill="#333">3 candele: distribuția se scurtează —</text>
<text x="10" y="160" fill="#333">acumulare tăcută, deși încă sub 0</text>
</svg></p>
<h2 id="divergenta-pretvolum-aplicata-cu-acest-indicator">Divergență preț/volum aplicată cu acest indicator</h2>
<p>Mecanismul divergenței preț/volum (de ce mai puțină "presiune" reală care
susține un nou extrem de preț = mișcare fragilă) e explicat deja, cu
diagramă proprie, în <code>06_divergente.md</code>. Ce e specific aici: în lecția asta
divergența se caută în două straturi simultan — pe <strong>linia</strong> de volum
(higher low pe volum vs. lower low pe preț, ca la orice indicator) ȘI pe
<strong>histogramă</strong> (unghiul liniei de trend prin vârfurile histogramei, opus
unghiului liniei de trend prin prețul), nu doar comparând două valori brute
de volum ca în exemplul Tesla din <code>06_divergente.md</code>.</p>
<h2 id="confirmare-vs-capcana-la-supportresistance-danu-cu-cifre">Confirmare vs. capcană la support/resistance — DA/NU cu cifre</h2>
<p>Aceeași traversare a unui nivel de suport poate fi "acumulare reală" sau
"doar preț care cade" — diferența se vede în histogramă, nu în linia de
preț.</p>
<p><strong>DA — histograma confirmă acumulare, te pregătești de long</strong></p>
<p><svg viewBox="0 0 620 489" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:100%;height:auto;font:12px sans-serif">
<text x="24" y="48" fill="#333" style="font-weight:bold">exemplu — daily</text>
<line x1="24" y1="220.2" x2="606" y2="220.2" stroke="#1a5fb4" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="4 3"/>
<text x="592" y="214.2" fill="#1a5fb4" text-anchor="end">suport</text>
<line x1="44.0" y1="56.0" x2="44.0" y2="83.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="39.5" y="62.7" width="9" height="13.5" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="59.0" y1="69.5" x2="59.0" y2="101.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="54.5" y="76.2" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="74.0" y1="78.5" x2="74.0" y2="101.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="69.5" y="85.2" width="9" height="9.0" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="89.0" y1="78.5" x2="89.0" y2="119.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="84.5" y="85.2" width="9" height="27.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="104.0" y1="105.5" x2="104.0" y2="137.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="99.5" y="112.2" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="119.0" y1="114.5" x2="119.0" y2="137.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="114.5" y="121.2" width="9" height="9.0" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="134.0" y1="114.5" x2="134.0" y2="155.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="129.5" y="121.2" width="9" height="27.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="149.0" y1="141.5" x2="149.0" y2="173.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="144.5" y="148.2" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="164.0" y1="150.5" x2="164.0" y2="173.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="159.5" y="157.2" width="9" height="9.0" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="179.0" y1="150.5" x2="179.0" y2="191.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="174.5" y="157.2" width="9" height="27.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="194.0" y1="179.7" x2="194.0" y2="220.2" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="189.5" y="184.2" width="9" height="22.5" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="209.0" y1="186.5" x2="209.0" y2="213.5" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="204.5" y="193.2" width="9" height="13.5" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="224.0" y1="164.0" x2="224.0" y2="200.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="219.5" y="170.7" width="9" height="22.5" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="239.0" y1="150.5" x2="239.0" y2="177.5" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="234.5" y="157.2" width="9" height="13.5" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="254.0" y1="150.5" x2="254.0" y2="182.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="249.5" y="157.2" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="269.0" y1="168.5" x2="269.0" y2="200.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="264.5" y="175.2" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="284.0" y1="186.5" x2="284.0" y2="218.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="279.5" y="193.2" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="299.0" y1="204.5" x2="299.0" y2="236.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="294.5" y="211.2" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="314.0" y1="224.7" x2="314.0" y2="265.2" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="309.5" y="229.2" width="9" height="22.5" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="329.0" y1="227.0" x2="329.0" y2="258.5" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="324.5" y="233.7" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="344.0" y1="209.0" x2="344.0" y2="240.5" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="339.5" y="215.7" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="359.0" y1="200.0" x2="359.0" y2="222.5" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="354.5" y="206.7" width="9" height="9.0" fill="#188a3e"/>
<text x="194.0" y="244.2" fill="#333" text-anchor="middle" style="font-weight:bold">low A</text>
<text x="314.0" y="279.2" fill="#c00" text-anchor="middle" style="font-weight:bold">low B (mai jos)</text>
<text x="24" y="309" fill="#555">histogramă (% schimbare volum)</text>
<line x1="24" y1="386.0" x2="606" y2="386.0" stroke="#888"/>
<text x="600" y="390.0" fill="#666">0</text>
<rect x="39.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="13.0" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="54.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="19.4" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="69.5" y="377.9" width="9" height="8.1" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="84.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="24.3" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="99.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="14.6" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="114.5" y="379.5" width="9" height="6.5" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="129.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="29.1" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="144.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="22.7" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="159.5" y="381.1" width="9" height="4.9" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="174.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="35.6" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="189.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="51.0" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="204.5" y="371.4" width="9" height="14.6" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="219.5" y="366.6" width="9" height="19.4" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="234.5" y="376.3" width="9" height="9.7" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="249.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="16.2" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="264.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="14.6" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="279.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="13.0" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="294.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="11.3" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="309.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="10.0" fill="#188a3e"/>
<rect x="324.5" y="373.0" width="9" height="13.0" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="339.5" y="368.2" width="9" height="17.8" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="354.5" y="374.7" width="9" height="11.3" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<text x="194.0" y="452.0" fill="#d08a1e" text-anchor="middle" style="font-weight:bold">-31.500 (la A)</text>
<text x="314.0" y="411.0" fill="#188a3e" text-anchor="middle" style="font-weight:bold">-6.200 (la B) — mai scurtă</text>
<text x="24" y="479" fill="#555">Minim nou pe preț, dar bara de distribuție la B e mult mai scurtă.</text>
</svg></p>
<p>Prețul face minim nou (B sub A), dar bara de distribuție la B e mult mai
scurtă decât la A — vânzarea reală s-a stins. Aștepți trigger-ul de preț
(candelă de confirmare), apoi intri.</p>
<p><strong>NU — histograma confirmă vânzarea, nu intri</strong></p>
<p><svg viewBox="0 0 620 489" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:100%;height:auto;font:12px sans-serif">
<text x="24" y="48" fill="#333" style="font-weight:bold">exemplu — daily</text>
<line x1="24" y1="220.2" x2="606" y2="220.2" stroke="#1a5fb4" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="4 3"/>
<text x="592" y="214.2" fill="#1a5fb4" text-anchor="end">suport</text>
<line x1="44.0" y1="56.0" x2="44.0" y2="83.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="39.5" y="62.7" width="9" height="13.5" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="59.0" y1="69.5" x2="59.0" y2="101.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="54.5" y="76.2" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="74.0" y1="78.5" x2="74.0" y2="101.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="69.5" y="85.2" width="9" height="9.0" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="89.0" y1="78.5" x2="89.0" y2="119.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="84.5" y="85.2" width="9" height="27.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="104.0" y1="105.5" x2="104.0" y2="137.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="99.5" y="112.2" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="119.0" y1="114.5" x2="119.0" y2="137.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="114.5" y="121.2" width="9" height="9.0" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="134.0" y1="114.5" x2="134.0" y2="155.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="129.5" y="121.2" width="9" height="27.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="149.0" y1="141.5" x2="149.0" y2="173.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="144.5" y="148.2" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="164.0" y1="150.5" x2="164.0" y2="173.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="159.5" y="157.2" width="9" height="9.0" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="179.0" y1="150.5" x2="179.0" y2="191.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="174.5" y="157.2" width="9" height="27.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="194.0" y1="179.7" x2="194.0" y2="220.2" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="189.5" y="184.2" width="9" height="22.5" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="209.0" y1="186.5" x2="209.0" y2="213.5" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="204.5" y="193.2" width="9" height="13.5" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="224.0" y1="164.0" x2="224.0" y2="200.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="219.5" y="170.7" width="9" height="22.5" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="239.0" y1="150.5" x2="239.0" y2="177.5" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="234.5" y="157.2" width="9" height="13.5" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="254.0" y1="150.5" x2="254.0" y2="182.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="249.5" y="157.2" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="269.0" y1="168.5" x2="269.0" y2="200.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="264.5" y="175.2" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="284.0" y1="186.5" x2="284.0" y2="218.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="279.5" y="193.2" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="299.0" y1="204.5" x2="299.0" y2="236.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="294.5" y="211.2" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="314.0" y1="224.7" x2="314.0" y2="265.2" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="309.5" y="229.2" width="9" height="22.5" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="329.0" y1="227.0" x2="329.0" y2="258.5" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="324.5" y="233.7" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="344.0" y1="209.0" x2="344.0" y2="240.5" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="339.5" y="215.7" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="359.0" y1="200.0" x2="359.0" y2="222.5" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="354.5" y="206.7" width="9" height="9.0" fill="#188a3e"/>
<text x="194.0" y="244.2" fill="#333" text-anchor="middle" style="font-weight:bold">low A</text>
<text x="314.0" y="279.2" fill="#c00" text-anchor="middle" style="font-weight:bold">low B (mai jos)</text>
<text x="24" y="309" fill="#555">histogramă (% schimbare volum)</text>
<line x1="24" y1="386.0" x2="606" y2="386.0" stroke="#888"/>
<text x="600" y="390.0" fill="#666">0</text>
<rect x="39.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="8.7" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="54.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="13.1" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="69.5" y="380.2" width="9" height="5.8" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="84.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="16.0" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="99.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="11.7" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="114.5" y="381.6" width="9" height="4.4" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="129.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="20.4" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="144.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="17.5" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="159.5" y="383.1" width="9" height="2.9" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="174.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="24.8" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="189.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="32.1" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="204.5" y="375.8" width="9" height="10.2" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="219.5" y="372.9" width="9" height="13.1" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="234.5" y="378.7" width="9" height="7.3" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="249.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="17.5" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="264.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="23.3" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="279.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="29.1" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="294.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="37.9" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="309.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="51.0" fill="#c00"/>
<rect x="324.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="13.1" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="339.5" y="386.0" width="9" height="5.8" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="354.5" y="381.6" width="9" height="4.4" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<text x="194.0" y="433.1" fill="#d08a1e" text-anchor="middle" style="font-weight:bold">-22.000 (la A)</text>
<text x="314.0" y="452.0" fill="#c00" text-anchor="middle" style="font-weight:bold">-35.000 (la B) — mai adâncă</text>
<text x="24" y="479" fill="#555">Bara la B mai adâncă decât la A: vânzarea s-a intensificat.</text>
</svg></p>
<p>Bara la B e mai adâncă decât la A — vânzarea reală s-a intensificat odată cu
prețul, nicio divergență. Cumperi aici pe simplul fapt că "e la suport" ar
însemna să prinzi un cuțit care încă cade.</p>
<h2 id="cum-tranzactionezi-efectiv-volumul">Cum tranzacționezi efectiv volumul</h2>
<p><strong>De ce urmărești volumul, concret:</strong> îți spune dacă mișcarea de preț pe
care o vezi e susținută de participare reală sau doar "de zgomot" —
diferența dintre a cumpăra un suport cu convingere reală în spate și a
cumpăra un suport care încă are vânzare activă dedesubt.</p>
<p><strong>Ce faci când vezi acumulare/distribuție la un nivel important
(suport/rezistență/pivot):</strong> NU intri pe simpla acumulare. E un set-up —
aștepți un trigger de preț (candelă de reversal, break peste/sub high-ul
sau low-ul candelei de confirmare) înainte de a intra, exact ca la
divergență.</p>
<p><strong>Trigger valid vs. prea devreme, cu cifre:</strong> vezi perechea DA/NU de mai
sus. "DA" = histogramă din ce în ce mai scurtă + candelă de confirmare +
break peste high-ul ei. "NU" = histogramă din ce în ce mai adâncă, indiferent
cât de "aproape de suport" arată prețul.</p>
<h3 id="exemplu-1-long-btcusd-weekly-acumulare-la-suport">Exemplu 1 — long, BTCUSD (weekly), acumulare la suport</h3>
<p><svg viewBox="0 0 620 569" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:100%;height:auto;font:12px sans-serif">
<text x="24" y="48" fill="#333" style="font-weight:bold">BTCUSD — weekly</text>
<line x1="24" y1="56.0" x2="606" y2="56.0" stroke="#188a3e" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="4 3"/>
<text x="592" y="50.0" fill="#188a3e" text-anchor="end">21.000 — TP1</text>
<line x1="24" y1="292.6" x2="606" y2="292.6" stroke="#1a5fb4" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="4 3"/>
<text x="30" y="286.6" fill="#1a5fb4">16.450 — entry (break peste confirmare)</text>
<line x1="24" y1="344.6" x2="606" y2="344.6" stroke="#c00" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="4 3"/>
<text x="592" y="338.6" fill="#c00" text-anchor="end">15.450 — SL</text>
<line x1="44.0" y1="79.4" x2="44.0" y2="102.8" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="39.5" y="87.2" width="9" height="7.8" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="59.0" y1="56.0" x2="59.0" y2="95.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="54.5" y="74.2" width="9" height="13.0" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="74.0" y1="66.4" x2="74.0" y2="100.2" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="69.5" y="74.2" width="9" height="18.2" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="89.0" y1="84.6" x2="89.0" y2="126.2" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="84.5" y="92.4" width="9" height="26.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="104.0" y1="102.8" x2="104.0" y2="126.2" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="99.5" y="110.6" width="9" height="7.8" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="119.0" y1="102.8" x2="119.0" y2="147.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="114.5" y="110.6" width="9" height="28.6" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="134.0" y1="131.4" x2="134.0" y2="173.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="129.5" y="139.2" width="9" height="26.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="149.0" y1="147.0" x2="149.0" y2="173.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="144.5" y="154.8" width="9" height="10.4" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="164.0" y1="147.0" x2="164.0" y2="188.6" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="159.5" y="154.8" width="9" height="26.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="179.0" y1="173.0" x2="179.0" y2="209.4" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="174.5" y="180.8" width="9" height="20.8" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="194.0" y1="186.0" x2="194.0" y2="209.4" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="189.5" y="193.8" width="9" height="7.8" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="209.0" y1="186.0" x2="209.0" y2="225.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="204.5" y="193.8" width="9" height="23.4" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="224.0" y1="211.0" x2="224.0" y2="238.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="219.5" y="217.2" width="9" height="7.8" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="239.0" y1="188.6" x2="239.0" y2="232.8" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="234.5" y="196.4" width="9" height="28.6" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="254.0" y1="173.0" x2="254.0" y2="204.2" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="249.5" y="180.8" width="9" height="15.6" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="269.0" y1="173.0" x2="269.0" y2="209.4" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="264.5" y="180.8" width="9" height="20.8" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="284.0" y1="193.8" x2="284.0" y2="235.4" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="279.5" y="201.6" width="9" height="26.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="299.0" y1="219.8" x2="299.0" y2="256.2" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="294.5" y="227.6" width="9" height="20.8" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="314.0" y1="240.6" x2="314.0" y2="282.2" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="309.5" y="248.4" width="9" height="26.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="329.0" y1="266.6" x2="329.0" y2="308.2" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="324.5" y="274.4" width="9" height="26.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="344.0" y1="295.2" x2="344.0" y2="336.8" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="339.5" y="300.4" width="9" height="20.8" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="359.0" y1="294.2" x2="359.0" y2="327.4" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="354.5" y="310.8" width="9" height="10.4" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="374.0" y1="274.4" x2="374.0" y2="313.9" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="369.5" y="279.6" width="9" height="31.2" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="389.0" y1="251.0" x2="389.0" y2="287.4" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="384.5" y="258.8" width="9" height="20.8" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="404.0" y1="251.0" x2="404.0" y2="277.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="399.5" y="258.8" width="9" height="10.4" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="419.0" y1="230.2" x2="419.0" y2="277.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="414.5" y="238.0" width="9" height="31.2" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="434.0" y1="214.6" x2="434.0" y2="245.8" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="429.5" y="222.4" width="9" height="15.6" fill="#188a3e"/>
<text x="224.0" y="262.0" fill="#c00" text-anchor="middle" style="font-weight:bold">A: 17.500</text>
<text x="344.0" y="358.6" fill="#c00" text-anchor="middle" style="font-weight:bold">B: 15.600</text>
<text x="24" y="389" fill="#555">volum — histograma % schimbare față de bara anterioară</text>
<line x1="24" y1="466.0" x2="606" y2="466.0" stroke="#888"/>
<text x="600" y="470.0" fill="#666">0</text>
<rect x="39.5" y="466.0" width="9" height="1.0" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="54.5" y="457.0" width="9" height="9.0" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="69.5" y="466.0" width="9" height="12.6" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="84.5" y="442.9" width="9" height="23.1" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="99.5" y="466.0" width="9" height="11.8" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="114.5" y="457.3" width="9" height="8.7" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="129.5" y="457.8" width="9" height="8.2" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="144.5" y="466.0" width="9" height="11.5" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="159.5" y="449.2" width="9" height="16.8" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="174.5" y="466.0" width="9" height="7.5" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="189.5" y="466.0" width="9" height="3.9" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="204.5" y="437.5" width="9" height="28.5" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="219.5" y="466.0" width="9" height="51.0" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="234.5" y="466.0" width="9" height="15.2" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="249.5" y="466.0" width="9" height="12.2" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="264.5" y="445.9" width="9" height="20.1" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="279.5" y="454.3" width="9" height="11.7" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="294.5" y="455.3" width="9" height="10.7" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="309.5" y="466.0" width="9" height="5.0" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="324.5" y="445.3" width="9" height="20.7" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="339.5" y="466.0" width="9" height="12.1" fill="#188a3e"/>
<rect x="354.5" y="433.1" width="9" height="32.9" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="369.5" y="458.1" width="9" height="7.9" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="384.5" y="466.0" width="9" height="18.7" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="399.5" y="466.0" width="9" height="8.7" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="414.5" y="461.4" width="9" height="4.6" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="429.5" y="466.0" width="9" height="9.0" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<text x="224.0" y="532.0" fill="#d08a1e" text-anchor="middle" style="font-weight:bold">-38%</text>
<text x="344.0" y="493.1" fill="#188a3e" text-anchor="middle" style="font-weight:bold">-9% (stins)</text>
<text x="24" y="559" fill="#555">Risc 1.000, recompensă 4.550 → ~1:4.5.</text>
</svg></p>
<p>Histograma: la A (17.500) distribuție -38% față de candela precedentă; la B
(15.600, minim nou de preț) distribuție doar -9% — vânzarea reală s-a
stins, chiar dacă prețul a mai coborât. Linia verde de volum traversează
MA imediat după B. Trigger: candelă bullish de confirmare la ~16.100 →
intrare la break-ul peste high-ul ei, <strong>16.450 long</strong>. Stop-loss <strong>15.450</strong>
(sub B — dacă prețul reface minimul, acumularea era falsă). Take-profit
<strong>21.000</strong> (rezistența anterioară dinaintea căderii). Risc 1.000, recompensă
4.550 → risc/recompensă ~1:4.5.</p>
<h3 id="exemplu-2-short-spy-daily-distributie-la-rezistenta">Exemplu 2 — short, SPY (daily), distribuție la rezistență</h3>
<p><svg viewBox="0 0 620 599" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:100%;height:auto;font:12px sans-serif">
<text x="24" y="48" fill="#333" style="font-weight:bold">SPY — daily</text>
<line x1="24" y1="56.0" x2="606" y2="56.0" stroke="#c00" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="4 3"/>
<text x="592" y="50.0" fill="#c00" text-anchor="end">463.20 — SL</text>
<line x1="24" y1="144.8" x2="606" y2="144.8" stroke="#1a5fb4" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="4 3"/>
<text x="592" y="138.8" fill="#1a5fb4" text-anchor="end">455.80 — entry short</text>
<line x1="24" y1="274.4" x2="606" y2="274.4" stroke="#188a3e" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-dasharray="4 3"/>
<text x="592" y="268.4" fill="#188a3e" text-anchor="end">445 — TP1 (consolidare anterioară)</text>
<line x1="44.0" y1="351.2" x2="44.0" y2="375.2" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="39.5" y="358.4" width="9" height="9.6" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="59.0" y1="324.8" x2="59.0" y2="365.6" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="54.5" y="332.0" width="9" height="26.4" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="74.0" y1="324.8" x2="74.0" y2="352.4" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="69.5" y="332.0" width="9" height="13.2" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="89.0" y1="297.2" x2="89.0" y2="352.4" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="84.5" y="304.4" width="9" height="40.8" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="104.0" y1="260.0" x2="104.0" y2="320.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="99.5" y="264.8" width="9" height="39.6" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="119.0" y1="257.6" x2="119.0" y2="282.8" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="114.5" y="264.8" width="9" height="10.8" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="134.0" y1="251.6" x2="134.0" y2="282.8" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="129.5" y="258.8" width="9" height="16.8" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="149.0" y1="251.6" x2="149.0" y2="279.2" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="144.5" y="258.8" width="9" height="13.2" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="164.0" y1="245.6" x2="164.0" y2="279.2" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="159.5" y="252.8" width="9" height="19.2" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="179.0" y1="245.6" x2="179.0" y2="276.8" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="174.5" y="252.8" width="9" height="14.4" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="194.0" y1="226.4" x2="194.0" y2="274.4" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="189.5" y="233.6" width="9" height="33.6" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="209.0" y1="195.2" x2="209.0" y2="240.8" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="204.5" y="202.4" width="9" height="31.2" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="224.0" y1="168.8" x2="224.0" y2="209.6" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="219.5" y="176.0" width="9" height="26.4" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="239.0" y1="147.2" x2="239.0" y2="183.2" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="234.5" y="154.4" width="9" height="21.6" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="254.0" y1="147.2" x2="254.0" y2="184.4" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="249.5" y="154.4" width="9" height="22.8" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="269.0" y1="170.0" x2="269.0" y2="197.6" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="264.5" y="177.2" width="9" height="13.2" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="284.0" y1="152.0" x2="284.0" y2="197.6" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="279.5" y="159.2" width="9" height="31.2" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="299.0" y1="119.6" x2="299.0" y2="166.4" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="294.5" y="126.8" width="9" height="32.4" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="314.0" y1="104.0" x2="314.0" y2="134.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="309.5" y="108.8" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="329.0" y1="70.4" x2="329.0" y2="132.8" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="324.5" y="108.8" width="9" height="9.6" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="344.0" y1="111.2" x2="344.0" y2="159.2" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="339.5" y="118.4" width="9" height="36.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="359.0" y1="147.2" x2="359.0" y2="180.8" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="354.5" y="154.4" width="9" height="19.2" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="374.0" y1="166.4" x2="374.0" y2="210.8" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="369.5" y="173.6" width="9" height="30.0" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="389.0" y1="185.6" x2="389.0" y2="210.8" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="384.5" y="192.8" width="9" height="10.8" fill="#188a3e"/>
<line x1="404.0" y1="185.6" x2="404.0" y2="231.2" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="399.5" y="192.8" width="9" height="31.2" fill="#c00"/>
<line x1="419.0" y1="216.8" x2="419.0" y2="242.0" stroke="#1a1a1a" stroke-width="1.2"/>
<rect x="414.5" y="224.0" width="9" height="10.8" fill="#c00"/>
<text x="239.0" y="123.2" fill="#188a3e" text-anchor="middle" style="font-weight:bold">A: 455</text>
<text x="329.0" y="42.4" fill="#c00" text-anchor="middle" style="font-weight:bold">B: 462, shooting star</text>
<text x="24" y="419" fill="#555">volum — histograma % schimbare față de bara anterioară</text>
<line x1="24" y1="496.0" x2="606" y2="496.0" stroke="#888"/>
<text x="600" y="500.0" fill="#666">0</text>
<rect x="39.5" y="496.0" width="9" height="1.0" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="54.5" y="489.3" width="9" height="6.7" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="69.5" y="496.0" width="9" height="13.3" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="84.5" y="475.0" width="9" height="21.0" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="99.5" y="489.7" width="9" height="6.3" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="114.5" y="496.0" width="9" height="15.5" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="129.5" y="489.3" width="9" height="6.7" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="144.5" y="496.0" width="9" height="12.9" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="159.5" y="485.6" width="9" height="10.4" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="174.5" y="496.0" width="9" height="6.5" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="189.5" y="468.9" width="9" height="27.1" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="204.5" y="478.0" width="9" height="18.0" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="219.5" y="479.5" width="9" height="16.5" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="234.5" y="445.0" width="9" height="51.0" fill="#188a3e"/>
<rect x="249.5" y="496.0" width="9" height="36.7" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="264.5" y="496.0" width="9" height="10.0" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="279.5" y="480.3" width="9" height="15.7" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="294.5" y="476.6" width="9" height="19.4" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="309.5" y="491.5" width="9" height="4.5" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="324.5" y="483.8" width="9" height="12.2" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="339.5" y="458.5" width="9" height="37.5" fill="#1a5fb4"/>
<rect x="354.5" y="496.0" width="9" height="13.9" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="369.5" y="496.0" width="9" height="11.2" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="384.5" y="496.0" width="9" height="9.8" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="399.5" y="496.0" width="9" height="8.2" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<rect x="414.5" y="496.0" width="9" height="6.5" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<text x="239.0" y="439.0" fill="#188a3e" text-anchor="middle" style="font-weight:bold">+25%</text>
<text x="329.0" y="445.8" fill="#d08a1e" text-anchor="middle" style="font-weight:bold">+6% (slăbit)</text>
<text x="24" y="589" fill="#555">Risc 7.40, recompensă 10.80 → ~1:1.5.</text>
</svg></p>
<p>Histograma: la A (455) acumulare +25% (rally susținut real); la B (462,
maxim nou) acumulare doar +6% — cumpărarea reală se subțiază, iar linia
verde de volum coboară sub MA chiar în zona lui B. Trigger: shooting star cu
close 458, urmată de o candelă care sparge low-ul ei (456,80) → intrare
<strong>455.80 short</strong>. Stop-loss <strong>463.20</strong> (peste B, cu marjă — dacă prețul
reface maximul, distribuția era falsă). Take-profit <strong>445</strong> (suportul/
consolidarea anterioară). Risc 7.40, recompensă 10.80 → risc/recompensă
~1:1.5 — mai slab ca la exemplul 1, nu presupune același raport de fiecare
dată.</p>
<h3 id="exemplu-3-esec-acumulare-aparenta-care-nu-s-a-confirmat-nu-intri">Exemplu 3 — eșec: acumulare aparentă care nu s-a confirmat (nu intri)</h3>
<p><svg viewBox="0 0 260 172" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="width:260px;height:auto;font:11px sans-serif">
<line x1="10" y1="30" x2="250" y2="30" stroke="#888" stroke-width="1"/>
<text x="215" y="25" fill="#666">0</text>
<rect x="20" y="30" width="25" height="78.3" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<text x="6" y="121.3" fill="#d08a1e">-40%</text>
<rect x="75" y="30" width="25" height="76.3" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<text x="61" y="119.3" fill="#d08a1e">-39%</text>
<rect x="130" y="30" width="25" height="72.4" fill="#d08a1e"/>
<text x="116" y="115.4" fill="#d08a1e">-37%</text>
<rect x="190" y="30" width="25" height="90.0" fill="#c00"/>
<text x="176" y="133" fill="#c00">-46%</text>
<text x="10" y="152" fill="#333">3 bare aproape egale, apoi una mult mai</text>
<text x="10" y="165" fill="#333">adâncă — scurtarea nu s-a confirmat</text>
</svg></p>
<p>Pe Boeing (weekly), la un minim aproape de suport, distribuția părea să se
scurteze (-40% apoi -39% apoi -37%, deci minim, aproape la fel) — suficient
de aproape încât, la prima vedere, să pară acumulare care începe. Dar
candela următoare a dus histograma la -46% (mai adâncă decât toate cele
anterioare) — nu s-a confirmat nimic, prețul a continuat direct în downtrend
fără reversal. Diferența față de Exemplul 1: acolo scurtarea era clară și
susținută (-38% → -9%, o treime); aici era marginală (-40% → -39% → -37%) și
s-a rupt la prima candelă următoare. Regula practică: o scurtare de 1-2%
între bare nu e semnal, e zgomot — ai nevoie de o diferență clară (cel puțin
de ordinul a jumătate din valoarea precedentă, ca la Exemplul 1) ca să
considerăm acumularea reală.</p>
<h2 id="volumul-pe-forex-nu-exista-pe-spot-folosesti-futures-ca-proxy">Volumul pe Forex — nu există pe spot, folosești futures ca proxy</h2>
<p>Pe perechile valutare spot (EURUSD, GBPUSD etc.) nu există volum real —
brokerii raportează doar volumul propriilor tranzacții, nu al pieței
globale, deci indicatorul de volum nu are ce citi acolo. Soluție: te uiți la
contractul de futures pe aceeași valută (ex. <strong>6E</strong> pentru EUR/USD, <strong>6B</strong>
pentru GBP/USD, tranzacționate pe CME) — acolo volumul e real, pentru că
marii participanți (băncile comerciale, care fac hedging valutar pentru
clienți) tranzacționează acolo. Divergențele văzute pe 6E se aplică, ca
citire, și pe perechea spot corespunzătoare — cu mențiunea că datele de pe
futures au un delay de ~15 minute față de live.</p>
<h2 id="confluenta-cu-alti-indicatori-si-pe-alte-time-frame-uri">Confluență cu alți indicatori și pe alte time-frame-uri</h2>
<p>Volumul funcționează cel mai bine împreună cu <strong>relative strength</strong> (vezi
<code>06_indicatorul_de_performanta.md</code>) și cu indicatorul <strong>Power</strong> (lecție
separată) — toți trei sunt indicatori non-corelați; când toți arată aceeași
divergență la un nivel important, semnalul e mult mai puternic decât oricare
izolat. Funcționează pe orice time-frame (5 min până la monthly), dar <strong>nu
de fiecare dată</strong> — pe multe simboluri (ex. sectoare ca XLF, IBB, în anumite
ferestre) nu apare nicio divergență vizibilă, iar pe time-frame-uri mai mari
(ex. 120 min în exemplele din training) indicatorul reacționează mai greu.
Nu forța un trade doar pentru că "ar trebui" să fie acumulare acolo.</p>
<h2 id="gotchas-practice-cele-mai-importante">Gotchas practice — cele mai importante</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>Nu confunda "bară mai scurtă" cu "acumulare confirmată".</strong> Ai nevoie de
o diferență clară și susținută pe mai multe candele (Exemplul 1), nu de o
scurtare marginală de 1-2% care se rupe la prima candelă următoare
(Exemplul 3).</li>
<li><strong>Nu tranzacționezi doar pe volum, izolat.</strong> Cele mai clare semnale din
training apar la confluență cu un nivel de suport/rezistență sau un pivot
deja cunoscut — volumul fără context de preț e un semnal mai slab.</li>
<li><strong>Nu forța tranzacția când indicatorul tace.</strong> Pe multe simboluri/zone nu
apare nicio divergență sau acumulare vizibilă — nu înseamnă că trebuie
"găsită" cu orice preț, înseamnă că acolo indicatorul nu-ți dă un edge.</li>
<li><strong>Volum mare fără trend clar de volum ≠ semnal.</strong> O singură bară mare
(peste medie) nu spune nimic despre acumulare/distribuție — doar trendul
histogramei pe mai multe candele o face.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="referinte">Referințe</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://chartschool.stockcharts.com/table-of-contents/technical-indicators-and-overlays/technical-indicators/on-balance-volume-obv">StockCharts ChartSchool — On-Balance Volume (OBV)</a> — mecanismul OBV și citirea de trend/divergență.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/onbalancevolume.asp">Investopedia — On-Balance Volume (OBV)</a> — definiție, formulă, exemple de acumulare/distribuție.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.cmegroup.com/markets/fx.html">CME Group — FX Futures</a> — contractele 6E/6B/6J etc. folosite ca proxy de volum pentru Forex spot.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/013015/what-difference-between-open-interest-and-trading-volume.asp">Investopedia — Open Interest vs Volume</a> — diferența exactă (și legătura) dintre volum și Open Interest la Futures.</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<p><em>Notă: secțiunea "De ce histograma clasică nu ajută prea mult" (diagrama de
comparație), diagrama OBV generică, perechea DA/NU la suport, cele 3
exemple complete cu cifre și diagrame (BTCUSD cu candele + bare de volum
lipite de candelele A/B, SPY cu candele + bare de volum, Boeing cu
histograma celor 4 bare) și secțiunea de gotchas sunt completări ale mele,
dincolo de ce spune explicit transcrierea — cursul arată live, pe multe
simboluri și time-frame-uri, cum arată acumularea/distribuția pe grafic, dar
fără cifre exacte de intrare/SL/TP sau un caz de eșec construit explicit.
Cifrele din cele 3 exemple sunt plauzibile, construite pe scara reală a
instrumentelor menționate, nu extrase din transcriere. Diagramele de candele
cu entry/SL/TP (Exemplul 1 și 2) sunt generate cu <code>svg_candles.py</code>
(coordonate calculate din prețuri, scară corectă prin construcție); barele
de volum de sub ele sunt elemente SVG adăugate manual, aliniate pe x cu
candela corespunzătoare și cu înălțimea calculată exact proporțional cu
procentul citat în text (raport preț = raport pixeli).</em></p>
</body>
</html>
Reference in New Issue View Git Blame Copy Permalink