# Installing Oracle 21c Standard Edition on Windows

## Overview

Oracle 21c Standard Edition 2 (SE2) is a licensed product for production use.
Unlike Express Edition, SE has no resource limitations.

| Feature | Express Edition | Standard Edition 2 |
|---------|-----------------|-------------------|
| License | Free | Paid (per socket) |
| CPU | 2 threads max | Unlimited |
| RAM | 2 GB max | Unlimited |
| User Data | 12 GB max | Unlimited |
| Architecture | CDB only | CDB or non-CDB |

For large ROA installations (50+ companies), SE2 is recommended.

---

## Download

1. Go to Oracle Database Downloads:
   https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle-database-software-downloads.html

2. Download **Oracle Database 21c for Windows x64**
   - File: `WINDOWS.X64_213000_db_home.zip` (~2.9 GB)
   - Requires Oracle account

3. You will also need the Oracle Database license key

---

## System Requirements

| Requirement | Minimum | Recommended |
|-------------|---------|-------------|
| OS | Windows Server 2016+ | Windows Server 2019/2022 |
| RAM | 8 GB | 16 GB+ |
| Disk | 30 GB | 100 GB+ |
| CPU | 4 cores | 8+ cores |

---

## Installation

### Step 1: Extract ZIP

```powershell
# Create Oracle Home directory first
mkdir C:\app\oracle\product\21c\dbhome_1

# Extract directly to Oracle Home
Expand-Archive WINDOWS.X64_213000_db_home.zip -DestinationPath C:\app\oracle\product\21c\dbhome_1
```

### Step 2: Run Installer

1. Open Command Prompt **as Administrator**

2. Navigate to Oracle Home:
   ```powershell
   cd C:\app\oracle\product\21c\dbhome_1
   ```

3. Run setup:
   ```powershell
   .\setup.exe
   ```

### Step 3: Installation Wizard

1. **Configuration Option**
   - Select: **Create and configure a single instance database**
   - Click Next

2. **System Class**
   - Select: **Server Class**
   - Click Next

3. **Database Edition**
   - Select: **Standard Edition 2**
   - Click Next

4. **Installation Type**
   - Select: **Typical Install** (simpler)
   - Or **Advanced Install** for custom settings
   - Click Next

5. **For Typical Install:**
   - Oracle base: `C:\app\oracle`
   - Database file location: `C:\app\oracle\oradata`
   - Database edition: Standard Edition 2
   - Character set: **WE8MSWIN1252** (for Romanian support)
   - Global database name: **ROA**
   - Password: `romfastsoft`
   - **Uncheck:** Create as Container database (for non-CDB)

6. **Summary** - Review and click Install

7. **Installation Progress** - Wait (~30-45 minutes)

8. **Finish** - Note connection information

---

## Non-CDB vs CDB Architecture

### Non-CDB (Traditional - Recommended for ROA)

Single database, simpler administration:

```
+---------------------------+
|     Database: ROA         |
|  +---------------------+  |
|  | Schema: CONTAFIN    |  |
|  +---------------------+  |
|  | Schema: COMPANY1    |  |
|  +---------------------+  |
|  | Schema: COMPANY2    |  |
|  +---------------------+  |
+---------------------------+
```

Connection: `system/romfastsoft@ROA`

### CDB (Multitenant)

Container with pluggable databases:

```
+---------------------------------------------+
|              CDB: ROA                       |
|  +---------------------------------------+  |
|  |  CDB$ROOT                             |  |
|  +---------------------------------------+  |
|  +---------------------------------------+  |
|  |  ROAPDB1 - Application Data           |  |
|  +---------------------------------------+  |
+---------------------------------------------+
```

Connection: `system/romfastsoft@ROAPDB1`

> **Recommendation:** Use **non-CDB** for compatibility with Oracle 10g migration scripts.

---

## Post-Installation Configuration

### Verify Services Running

```powershell
Get-Service Oracle* | Format-Table Name, Status, StartType
```

Expected services:
| Service | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| OracleServiceROA | Database instance |
| OracleOraDB21Home1TNSListener | TNS Listener |
| OracleVssWriterROA | VSS Writer for backups |

### Test Connection

```powershell
# Set Oracle environment
$env:ORACLE_HOME = "C:\app\oracle\product\21c\dbhome_1"
$env:ORACLE_SID = "ROA"
$env:PATH = "$env:ORACLE_HOME\bin;$env:PATH"

# Test connection
sqlplus system/romfastsoft@localhost:1521/ROA
```

## Memory Configuration (Opțional)

Pentru Standard Edition cu 16GB RAM:

```sql
-- Connect as SYSDBA
sqlplus sys/romfastsoft@localhost:1521/ROA as sysdba

-- Check current settings
SHOW PARAMETER memory;
SHOW PARAMETER sga;
SHOW PARAMETER pga;

-- Configure memory (adjust based on available RAM)
ALTER SYSTEM SET MEMORY_TARGET = 8G SCOPE = SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET MEMORY_MAX_TARGET = 10G SCOPE = SPFILE;

-- Restart database for changes
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP;
```

Recommended memory allocation:
| RAM Available | MEMORY_TARGET | MEMORY_MAX_TARGET |
|---------------|---------------|-------------------|
| 8 GB | 4 GB | 6 GB |
| 16 GB | 8 GB | 10 GB |
| 32 GB | 16 GB | 20 GB |

---

## Ce NU trebuie făcut manual

Următoarele sunt create **automat** de scriptul `01-setup-database.ps1`:

| Component | Script |
|-----------|--------|
| Tablespace ROA | `01-setup-database.ps1` |
| DMPDIR directory | `01-setup-database.ps1` |
| Password profile (UNLIMITED) | `01-setup-database.ps1` |
| User CONTAFIN_ORACLE | `01-setup-database.ps1` |
| sqlnet.ora (client vechi) | `01-setup-database.ps1` |

**NU rula manual comenzile SQL pentru acestea** - scripturile le fac automat!

---

## Listener Configuration

Check `listener.ora`:
```powershell
notepad C:\app\oracle\product\21c\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
```

Should contain:
```
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ROA)
      (ORACLE_HOME = C:\app\oracle\product\21c\dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME = ROA)
    )
  )
```

Check `tnsnames.ora`:
```powershell
notepad C:\app\oracle\product\21c\dbhome_1\network\admin\tnsnames.ora
```

Should contain:
```
ROA =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = ROA)
    )
  )
```

---

## Enterprise Manager Database Express

Access EM Express:
```
https://localhost:5500/em/
```

If not configured, enable it:
```sql
sqlplus sys/romfastsoft@localhost:1521/ROA as sysdba

EXEC DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.SETHTTPPORT(5500);
EXEC DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.SETHTTPSPORT(5501);
```

---

## Troubleshooting

### OracleServiceROA Not Starting

1. Check Oracle alert log:
   ```powershell
   Get-Content C:\app\oracle\diag\rdbms\roa\ROA\trace\alert_ROA.log -Tail 100
   ```

2. Common issues:
   - Insufficient memory
   - Disk space
   - Port 1521 already in use

### ORA-01034: ORACLE not available

Start the database manually:
```powershell
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> STARTUP;
```

### ORA-12514: TNS listener does not know of service

```powershell
# Register database with listener
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM REGISTER;

# Check listener
lsnrctl status
lsnrctl services
```

### Database Won't Shut Down

```sql
-- Force shutdown
SHUTDOWN ABORT;

-- Start clean
STARTUP;
```

---

## Backup Configuration (Recommended)

### Enable Archivelog Mode

```sql
sqlplus sys/romfastsoft@localhost:1521/ROA as sysdba

-- Check current mode
ARCHIVE LOG LIST;

-- If NOARCHIVELOG, enable:
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP MOUNT;
ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

-- Verify
ARCHIVE LOG LIST;
```

### Configure RMAN

```powershell
rman target sys/romfastsoft@ROA

RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;
RMAN> CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 'C:\backup\%F';
```

---

## Next Steps

After Oracle SE installation:

1. Copy `config.example.ps1` to `config.ps1`
2. Edit `config.ps1`:
   - Set `$ORACLE_HOME = "C:\app\oracle\product\21c\dbhome_1"`
   - Set `$SERVICE_NAME = "ROA"`
   - Set `$DATAFILE_DIR = "C:\app\oracle\oradata\ROA"`
3. Run `01-setup-database.ps1`

See main `README.md` for complete workflow.

---

**Last Updated:** 2026-01-28
**Project:** ROMFASTSQL - Oracle SE Installation Guide