# ORA-12954: Database size exceeds 12 GB limit (Oracle XE)

Oracle XE are limita hard de 12 GB. Limita se aplica pe **suma datafile-urilor** (dba_data_files), NU pe segmente (dba_segments). Un datafile poate fi 90% gol dar tot conteaza la limita.

## Diagnostic rapid

```sql
-- IMPORTANT: Verifica AMBELE - segmente vs datafiles
-- Segmente (spatiu efectiv folosit)
SELECT tablespace_name, ROUND(SUM(bytes)/1024/1024) AS used_mb
FROM dba_segments GROUP BY tablespace_name ORDER BY used_mb DESC;

-- Datafiles (spatiu ALOCAT - asta conteaza la limita de 12 GB!)
SELECT tablespace_name, ROUND(SUM(bytes)/1024/1024) AS allocated_mb
FROM dba_data_files GROUP BY tablespace_name ORDER BY allocated_mb DESC;

SELECT ROUND(SUM(bytes)/1024/1024) AS total_allocated_mb FROM dba_data_files;

-- Ce ocupa SYSAUX (de obicei vinovatul)
SELECT occupant_name, ROUND(space_usage_kbytes/1024) AS size_mb
FROM v$sysaux_occupants ORDER BY space_usage_kbytes DESC;

-- Top 20 segmente mari in SYSAUX
SELECT segment_name, segment_type, ROUND(bytes/1024/1024) AS size_mb
FROM dba_segments WHERE tablespace_name = 'SYSAUX'
ORDER BY bytes DESC FETCH FIRST 20 ROWS ONLY;

-- Identifica LOB-uri mari
SELECT owner, table_name, column_name
FROM dba_lobs
WHERE segment_name = '<segment_name_from_above>';

-- Audit policies active (trebuie dezactivate!)
SELECT policy_name, enabled_option FROM audit_unified_enabled_policies;

-- Auto tasks (sql tuning advisor = vinovatul principal)
SELECT client_name, status FROM dba_autotask_client;
```

## Pas 1: Cleanup segmente (elibereaza spatiu in datafile)

### SQL Tuning Sets (principalul vinovat, poate ocupa 5+ GB)

```sql
-- Incearca mai intai DROP curat
BEGIN
  FOR r IN (SELECT name, owner FROM dba_sqlset) LOOP
    BEGIN
      DBMS_SQLTUNE.DROP_SQLSET(r.name, r.owner);
    EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN NULL;
    END;
  END LOOP;
END;
/

-- Daca DROP nu elibereaza spatiul, TRUNCATE direct:
TRUNCATE TABLE sys.wri$_sqlset_plan_lines;
TRUNCATE TABLE sys.wri$_sqlset_plans;
TRUNCATE TABLE sys.wri$_sqlset_statistics;
TRUNCATE TABLE sys.wri$_sqlset_statements;
TRUNCATE TABLE sys.wri$_sqlset_references;
TRUNCATE TABLE sys.wri$_sqlset_definitions;
```

### Advisor + AWR + Statistici

```sql
EXEC DBMS_ADVISOR.DELETE_EXPIRED_TASKS;
-- NOTA: retention trebuie >= moving window baseline (default 8 zile)
-- Daca da ORA-13541, creste retention la 8*24*60
EXEC DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY.MODIFY_SNAPSHOT_SETTINGS(retention => 8*24*60, interval => 60);
EXEC DBMS_STATS.ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION(7);
EXEC DBMS_STATS.PURGE_STATS(SYSDATE - 7);
PURGE DBA_RECYCLEBIN;
```

## Pas 2: Resize datafiles (recupereaza spatiul alocat)

TRUNCATE elibereaza segmentele dar datafile-ul ramane la aceeasi dimensiune. Trebuie RESIZE.

```sql
-- Verifica path-urile fisierelor
SELECT file_id, tablespace_name, ROUND(bytes/1024/1024) AS size_mb, file_name
FROM dba_data_files ORDER BY bytes DESC;

-- Gaseste minimul posibil de resize
SELECT file_id, CEIL((MAX(block_id + blocks - 1) * 8192) / 1048576) + 10 AS min_size_mb
FROM dba_extents WHERE tablespace_name = 'SYSAUX' GROUP BY file_id;

-- Resize
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '<path>' RESIZE <size>M;
```

### Daca resize esueaza cu ORA-03297 (used data beyond resize value)

Segmentele sunt imprastiate in datafile. Pe Oracle XE 21c nu exista SHRINK_TABLESPACE (doar 23ai+).

**Solutie UNDOTBS1** (testat, functioneaza):
```sql
-- Seteaza undo pe MANUAL temporar
ALTER SYSTEM SET undo_management = 'MANUAL' SCOPE = SPFILE;

-- Restart PDB
ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = CDB$ROOT;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE XEPDB1 CLOSE IMMEDIATE;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE XEPDB1 OPEN RESTRICTED;
ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = XEPDB1;

-- Drop si recreare
DROP TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;

CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 DATAFILE '<path>\UNDOTBS01.DBF' SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE 500M;
ALTER SYSTEM SET undo_tablespace = 'UNDOTBS1';
ALTER SYSTEM SET undo_management = 'AUTO' SCOPE = SPFILE;

-- Restart PDB normal
ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = CDB$ROOT;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE XEPDB1 CLOSE IMMEDIATE;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE XEPDB1 OPEN;
```

**Solutie SYSAUX** (daca resize cu ORA-03297):
SYSAUX nu se poate face drop/recreare. Singura solutie este **recrearea PDB-ului**:
1. Export complet (scheme + obiecte SYS custom)
2. Drop PDB
3. Recreare PDB din PDB$SEED
4. Import

Scripturi de export/import disponibile in directorul `import/`.
Scriptul master: `import/recreare_pdb.sql`

## Pas 3: Preventie (IMPORTANT - ruleaza pe orice server nou!)

```sql
-- Dezactiveaza auto tasks care umfla SYSAUX
EXEC DBMS_AUTO_TASK_ADMIN.DISABLE(client_name => 'sql tuning advisor', operation => NULL, window_name => NULL);
EXEC DBMS_AUTO_TASK_ADMIN.DISABLE(client_name => 'auto space advisor', operation => NULL, window_name => NULL);
SELECT client_name, status FROM dba_autotask_client;

-- AWR retention (min 8 zile din cauza moving window baseline)
EXEC DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY.MODIFY_SNAPSHOT_SETTINGS(retention => 8*24*60, interval => 60);
EXEC DBMS_STATS.ALTER_STATS_HISTORY_RETENTION(7);

-- Dezactiveaza audit policies (umfla AUDSYS)
NOAUDIT POLICY ORA_SECURECONFIG;
NOAUDIT POLICY ORA_LOGON_FAILURES;
SELECT policy_name, enabled_option FROM audit_unified_enabled_policies;
```

## AUDSYS (audit trail)

Cleanup-ul via `DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.CLEAN_AUDIT_TRAIL` esueaza cu ORA-12954 cand baza e plina (chiar si in restricted mode). Dezactiveaza audit policies **preventiv** pe orice server nou:

```sql
NOAUDIT POLICY ORA_SECURECONFIG;
NOAUDIT POLICY ORA_LOGON_FAILURES;
SELECT policy_name, enabled_option FROM audit_unified_enabled_policies;
-- Ar trebui sa returneze: no rows selected
```

## Tablespace USERS

PDB-ul nou creat din PDB$SEED NU are tablespace USERS. Obiectele care erau pe USERS pe serverul vechi trebuie remapate la import:

```cmd
impdp "sys/PAROLA_SYS@XEPDB1 AS SYSDBA" directory=DMPDIR dumpfile=schema.dmp logfile=schema.log remap_tablespace=USERS:ROA
```

## Grant-uri pe DIRECTORY-uri

Sintaxa corecta pentru grant-uri pe Oracle DIRECTORY objects:

```sql
-- CORECT:
GRANT READ, WRITE ON DIRECTORY DMPDIR TO CONTAFIN_ORACLE;

-- GRESIT (ORA-00942):
GRANT READ ON SYS.DMPDIR TO CONTAFIN_ORACLE;
GRANT EXECUTE ON SYS.DMPDIR TO CONTAFIN_ORACLE;  -- EXECUTE nu e valid pe DIRECTORY
```

## DBMS_LOCK pe Oracle XE 21c

Pe Oracle XE 21c, `SYS.DBMS_LOCK` necesita grant explicit:

```sql
GRANT EXECUTE ON SYS.DBMS_LOCK TO CONTAFIN_ORACLE;
```

Fara acest grant, pachetele care folosesc `sys.dbms_lock.sleep()` dau `PLS-00201`.

## impdp/expdp AS SYSDBA pe Windows

Pe Windows CMD, `AS SYSDBA` trebuie inclus in ghilimele escaped:

```cmd
-- CORECT:
impdp "sys/PAROLA@XEPDB1 AS SYSDBA" directory=DMPDIR dumpfile=schema.dmp logfile=schema.log

-- GRESIT (interpretat ca argument separat):
impdp sys/PAROLA@XEPDB1 AS SYSDBA directory=DMPDIR dumpfile=schema.dmp logfile=schema.log
```

## User SYSTEM pe PDB nou

SYSTEM e common user — nu poate fi unlock/modificat doar pe un PDB. Trebuie din CDB$ROOT:

```sql
ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = CDB$ROOT;
ALTER USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY "ParolaNoua" ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
```

Alternativ, foloseste SYS AS SYSDBA pentru impdp (recomandat).

## Datafile path explicit

La CREATE TABLESPACE pe Oracle XE 21c, trebuie specificat path-ul complet:

```sql
-- CORECT:
CREATE TABLESPACE ROA DATAFILE 'C:\APP\...\ORADATA\XE\XEPDB1\ROA01.DBF' SIZE 2048M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE 6G;

-- GRESIT (ORA-02236: invalid file name):
CREATE TABLESPACE ROA DATAFILE SIZE 2048M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE 6G;
```

Gaseste path-ul corect:
```sql
SELECT file_name FROM dba_data_files WHERE ROWNUM = 1;
```

## Verificare mod undo (local vs shared)

```sql
-- Din CDB$ROOT
SELECT property_value FROM database_properties WHERE property_name = 'LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED';
```

## Rezultate tipice

### Dupa cleanup (fara recreare PDB)

| Componenta | Inainte | Dupa cleanup |
|-----------|---------|-------------|
| SYSAUX segmente | 7.5 GB | 1.9 GB |
| SYSAUX datafile | 7.8 GB | 7.8 GB (fara resize) / 2.5 GB (cu resize) |
| UNDOTBS1 | 2.1 GB | 0.1 GB (dupa recreare) |
| Total alocat | 13.5 GB | 4.5 GB (cu recreare UNDO) |

### Dupa recreare PDB (solutia definitiva)

| Componenta | Inainte | Dupa recreare PDB |
|-----------|---------|-------------------|
| SYSAUX | 7.8 GB | 390 MB |
| SYSTEM | - | 370 MB |
| ROA | - | 2 GB |
| UNDOTBS1 | 2.1 GB | 165 MB |
| **Total alocat** | **13.5 GB** | **~3 GB** |

## Lectii invatate

1. **TRUNCATE vs DROP pe SQL Tuning Sets**: DROP nu elibereaza spatiul LOB-ului. TRUNCATE functioneaza.
2. **Limita 12 GB = dba_data_files, nu dba_segments**: Chiar daca segmentele ocupa 4.5 GB, datafile-urile alocate conteaza.
3. **SYSAUX nu se poate shrink**: ORA-03297 la orice valoare cand segmentele sunt la high water mark. Singura solutie = recreare PDB.
4. **AWR retention >= moving window baseline**: Default baseline = 8 zile. Nu poti seta retention < 8 zile fara a reduce baseline-ul (care nu exista ca procedura pe XE 21c).
5. **Audit policies active pe PDB nou**: PDB-ul creat din PDB$SEED vine cu ORA_SECURECONFIG si ORA_LOGON_FAILURES active. Dezactiveaza-le imediat.